In Switzerland, foreigners must prove that they live and work in the territory in order to obtain a primary residence. On the secondary market, only 1.5 thousand foreigners can purchase housing during the year only in the so-called "tourist-oriented" municipalities.

In Canada, from January 1, 2023, it is prohibited to buy real estate for foreigners for two years. Some exceptions exist for international students or permanent residents.

As for Portugal, the government only this Tuesday decided not to exempt foreign pensioners from taxation from 2024. The 10% tax rate will no longer be reduced and the Golden Visa program will be canceled.